Category: Ecopoetry

  • One ocean_many oceans: A conversation between people, waters, lands, and poems

    One ocean_many oceans: A conversation between people, waters, lands, and poems

    The sea is born in the mountains, we hear often in the Caribbean, but this could be also known in other parts of the world. The texts you read here are born in the conversations across the years, events and encounters between the three human authors, who at the moment of writing have been far apart from each other, and many more-than-human beings at different distance from each other. We meet on different occasions, we talk about art, water, lands, us, words. Speaking to each other indirectly through the sea, rivers and land we felt connected, as if we heard each other as if we were nearby.

    Colombian rivers have been guiding Polina then and now across the sea they joined the Northern fjords. Streams, underground waters, plateaus, geological and atmospheric movements guide Jorge. Looking at the fjord, Polina imagines Desiree looking at the Michigan Lake looking at the fjord across the ocean. Desiree talks to the Michigan Lake waves and shores, imagining Polina looking at the fjords thinking of her across the ocean. Polina records the sound of the waves with Magma, the hydrophone designed and assembled by Jorge and hears his experiments with bioacoustics, sounds and pedagogies, seeing his reflection in the rivers running through the multiple water of the world towards the waves that come to her shore. Vocal cords vibrate to the rhythms of accordion of the new friends and back vibrating with the rhythms of videos and texts. The wind echoes the voices moving grass, trees, waves, sand grains, objects on the ground. Magma vibrates in response.

    Our conversations echo in the splashes of the waves, in the screams of the sea gulls and birds of the Colombian forests. They mix with the memories of the land, with our memories of the past and future. Multiple layers. Multiple worlds. We read, we think, we talk in layers. The sky becomes the sea, the sea becomes the forest, the forest becomes the sky. They are together apart, interior and exterior of each other. We respond to each other in words, in singing, in sonic experimentations, in video… connected through the moving grounds: the movement – waters and the ancient bones – the rocks. They all are the performance and inquiry itself.

    Media mediate the worlds: nothing illustrates nothing, and yet it does. But there is no product, this text, this film, these sounds, these words are ongoing becoming of each other, together with the water bodies, forests, stones, and ourselves.

    One ocean_many oceans: A conversation between people, waters, lands, and poems

    A conversation between the poems and the moving images : https://youtu.be/Zb1QfOcJ2Uc

    We meet on different occasions, we talk about art, water, lands, us, words…

    Desiree:
    Me and the Lake  

    no words
    only gesture
    concave convex concave convex motion
    teaches me
    to move
    in waves
    backwards and forwards
    in increments,
    knowledge
    that the living tips and edges of my bone
    are tensegrity bound

    Life

    Air, fire, earth, water, air, fire, earth, water, air,
    fire,
    earth, water, air, fire, earth, water, air, fire, earth,
    water, air, fire, earth, water, air, fire, earth, water,
    air, fire, earth, water, air, fire earth water her bones washed off by the beats of warm blue sunshine
    that
    fire

    Provides

    She teaches me the wind and tides.

    The dreaming
    Shows the path
    They are
    They are
    They are
    More

    And

    More
    More
    More
    More
    More
    More
    More
    More
    More
    More

    And

    Holds what is
    Nest

    Next
    Next

    And

    The heart soul tells me that if I am good hearted
    I will be lead
    Silver
    Lead
    Stone
    Lead
    Fire
    Lead water

    To my own heart
    To the land where
    Implicit
    Implicit
    Implicit
    Implicit

    Ecstasy

    Fires suns
    Of the line
    And the curve
    Waters earth
    And us.


    My part is taking place at

    the beach of lake of my beginning love where I

    learned to be free
    me as a baby. Her fresh air and
    loving kindness was my little girl’s friend and is

    still
    Moving
    Still
    Moving
    Still
    Moving

    Move Moving Move Moving Move Moving Move
    Move
    Move Moving Move Move Moving Move Moving
    Move
    Moving Moving Moving Moving Moving Moving Moving
    Moving Move Move Move Move Move Move move more

    Flow

    Follow
    Flow

    ARTS
    Arts
    Art
    Arts
    Flow

    Blood and hope blood and hope blood and hope blood
    and hope blood and hope blood and hope blood
    and
    hope
    Bones dirt and gloves

    Love lit breath fresh and giving freely home
    Home
    Home
    Home
    Homes/Home
    Back
    Front
    Sideways

    In space
    It
    Is
    For
    All
    There
    Is
    Enough
    For
    Us

    All
    Together
    Not
    Apart.
    Polina: El canto del mar/ The song of the sea


    Como la falda mueven tus olas –
    Se abren, se cierren tus aguas
    Yo subo al cerro del bosque
    El bosque susurra y sabe


    Yo subo al cerro pa´ respirar El bosque susurra y siente
    El respiro profundo que trae el mar
    El respiro traído por el viento
     

    Mi falda se mueve como tus olas
    Cuando yo camino o bailo y pienso de ti
    Mis perros ladran, felices mueven sus colas
    Me enseñan a amar y a existir


    Tus arenas me pican; tu sal me refresca


    Tu ser me fascina; y te agradezco
    Yo estoy en tu casa aún sea lejos viajando
    Me asciendo al cerro, estoy respirando                                                            
    tu aire


    Me enseñas a partir, a ser plena
    Tu amor es tranquillo y tu silencio es lleno
    Con tu ser me llevas a respirar
    Con tu silencio me abrigas, con tu canto del mar


    Tu silencio es lleno; tu complejidad es perfecta,
    Tú no tienes fronteras, sino todo conectas.
    Tu susurro me llama, me escuchas, me hablas
    Me enseñas a bailar con el viento en mis alas


    Me enseñas a partir, a ser plena
    Con tus cantos diversos me abrigas, me llenas
    tu complejidad es perfecta, tu silencio es lleno
    el mar no tiene fronteras sino todo conecta.


    Translation:
     
    The fabric of my skirt moves like the sea
    Its waves open, close, open, close
    I go through the forest up the hill
    The forest trees are whispering and know
     
    I go through the forest up the hill to breathe
    The forest whispers, feels
    A profound breath brought by the sea
    The breath brought by its wind
     
    My dress moves as your waves
    Whether I walk or dance or even simply think of you
    My dogs bark, they are happy, wagging tails
    They teach me love, breathing and being
     
    Sand gently stuns my skin, your salt is so fresh
    Your being excites me and I want to thank you
    I am at home with you even if I travel far away
    I go through the forest up the hill to breathe
     
    You teach me how to let go, how to be plenty
    Your love is calm, your calmness is complete
    Your being gives me the air, it embraces me
    You breathe in life with your song of the sea
     
    Your silence is complete, you’re complex, perfect
    There are no borders in you, and you connect it all
    Your whisper is calling me, you listen to me, you talk to me
    I learn to dance following your rhythms and winds
     
    You teach me be enough and plenty, to withdraw, to let it go
    With your diverse songs you embrace me, and I feel complete
    Your calmness is complex, your complexity is perfect, 
    There are no borders in the sea.

    Polina:

    I breathe in the salty sea air from now from in the memory, my dress moves across the time and territories, connecting to the sea as kin, learning about self as a sea. Spanish is not my native language, but I was thinking about the Caribbean Sea and its inspirations as I walked up the woody hill looking at the bright light blue-dark emerald fjord in the distance and later on burying my face in the curls of my dogs` fur, breathing in the smell of the salt.

    Jorge:

    Devenir Magma / Becoming Magma

    En el centro está el maremágnum ardiente del cual todo está hecho;

    una inmensa bola de materia en fuego… útero cósmico… Magma 

    un viaje fluido  me llevó por estratos policromáticos,

    Atravesé capas intensas,

    placas tectónicas, 

    cuencas sedimentarias 

    provincias ígneas

    rocas duras y blandas,

    metamórficas y volcánicas.

    Presencie la explosión cámbrica. 

    areniscas y cristales 

    hasta llegar a la capa vegetal. 

    desde aquí puedo escuchar el paso de los cometas y las 

    tormentas geomagnéticas… La Sonosfera.

    Los cristales de cuarzo guardan los secretos ancestrales para la fabricación de micrófonos de contacto e hidrófonos que traducen los susurros y vibraciones del universo.

    El cuarzo, testigo silente de las eras, es un portador de la memoria de la tierra hecha energía. Desde lo más profundo de sus entrañas, y del suelo marino, hasta las cimas de las montañas, su presencia evoca resistencia y continuidad. Mineral y maestro, revela el misterio de la piezoelectricidad, donde la presión da luz a la electricidad dormida, un eco del gran aliento que mueve el universo.

    Los micrófonos Magmas son como puentes entre mundos, narradores de la sinfonía cósmica en notas eléctricas. Desde las profundidades de los océanos, ríos, arroyos, rocas y movimientos geológicos, exploran la textura de la existencia, desenterrando melodías ocultas… resonando con la tierra. 

    Desde el susurro del cristal al murmullo del agua, podemos escuchar la música del universo.  El agua, líquido primordial, narrador de la creación, lleva consigo los ecos del pasado y las promesas del futuro que ahora son registradas y amplificadas gracias al cuarzo…materia prima del Magma. 

    Los hidrófonos capturan los susurros del agua, las canciones de las profundidades, revelando los secretos ocultos en las corrientes y mareas.

    Escuchando profundo en cada gota de agua, en cada susurro del viento, en cada vibración de la tierra, encontramos melodías eternas para fluir. 

    En el corazón de su investigación y práctica artística está la escucha como una búsqueda imperativa de empatía con lo humano y lo no humano, lo que le ha llevado a desarrollar una serie de instalaciones, dispositivos y performances que exploran la resonancia de la materia y el paisaje sonoro. En este contexto, Jorge ha desarrollado el dispositivo Magma, un hidrófono y micrófono de contacto DIY que ha sido utilizado por artistas e investigadores de diferentes lugares del mundo en campos artísticos, musicales, pedagógicos y de bioacústica.

    Translation:

    At the center is the fiery tidal wave from which everything is made;

    an immense ball of matter in fire… a cosmic womb… Magma

    a fluid journey takes me through the polychromatic strata,

    I traversed intense layers,

    tectonic plates,

    sedimentary basins

    igneous provinces

    hard and soft rocks,

    metamorphic and volcanic.

    I witness the Cambrian explosion,

    Sandstones and crystals

    until I reach the vegetal layer.

    From here I can hear the comets and geomagnetic storms passing by…

    geomagnetic storms… The Sonosphere.

    Quartz crystals keep the ancestral secrets for the manufacture of contact microphones and hydrophones that translate the whispers and vibrations of the universe.

    Quartz, silent witness of the ages, is a carrier of the memory of the earth made energy. From the depths of its entrails, from the sea floor to the mountain peaks, its presence evokes resistance and continuity. Mineral and master, it reveals the mystery of piezoelectricity, where pressure gives light to dormant electricity, an echo of the great breath that moves the universe.

    Magmas microphones become the bridges between worlds, narrators of the cosmic symphony in electric notes. From the depths of the ocean, the rivers, streams, rocks and geological movements, they explore the texture of existence, unearthing hidden melodies… resonating with the earth.

    From the whispers of the crystal to the murmurs of water, we can hear the music of the universe.  Water, primordial liquid, the narrator of creation, carries with it the echoes of the past and the promises of the future that are now recorded and amplified thanks to quartz… raw material of Magma.

    Hydrophones capture the whispers of the water, the songs of the deep, revealing the secrets hidden in the currents and tides.

    Listening deep in every drop of water, in every whisper of the wind, in every vibration of the earth, we find eternal melodies to flow.

    At the heart of this conversation is listening as an imperative search for empathy with more-than-human, which leads Jorge and all of us in exploring the resonance of the matter.

    Colombian rivers were guiding Polina then and now across the sea they joined the Northern fjords. They guide Jorge, streams, underground waters, plateaus, geological and atmospheric movements guide him. Looking at the fjord, Polina imagines Desiree looking at the Michigan Lake looking at the fjord across the ocean. Polina records the sound of the waves with Magma, the hydrophone designed and assembled by Jorge and hear his bioacoustics, sonic, pedagogical experiments, seeing his reflection in the rivers running through the multiple water of the world towards the waves that come to my shore. Vocal cords vibrate to the rhythms of accordion and back vibrating with the rhythms of videos and texts. The wind echoes her voice moving grass, trees, waves, sand grains, objects on the ground. Magma vibrates in response.

    Our conversations echo in the splashes of the waves, in the screams of the sea gulls and birds of the Colombian forests. They mix with the memories of the land, with our memories of the past and future. Multiple layers. Multiple worlds. I read, I think, I talk in layers. The sky becomes the sea, the sea becomes the forest, the forest becomes the sky. They are together apart, interior and exterior of each other. We respond to each other in words, in singing, in sonic experimentations, in video… connected through the moving grounds: the movement – waters and the ancient bones – the rocks. They are the performance and inquiry itself.

    Media mediate the worlds: nothing illustrates nothing, and yet it does. But there is no product, this text, this film, these sounds, these words are the ongoing becoming of each other, together with the water bodies, forests, stones, and ourselves.

    This text is being written in Chicago which is  ‘ located on the traditional unceded homelands of the Council of the Three Fires: the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi Nations. Many other tribes, such as the Miami, Ho-Chunk, Menominee, and Sac and Fox, also called this area home. The region has long been a center for Indigenous people to gather, trade, and maintain kinship ties. Today, one of the largest urban American Indian communities in the United States resides in Chicago. Members of this community continue to contribute to the life of this city and to celebrate their heritage, practice traditions, and care for the land and waterways.’ (Art Institute of Chicago Website); in Trondheim, the land of the Southern Sami; in Medellín, the land of the Embera, Senú and Gunadule. These lands are home of plants, animals, and insects, fungi, minerals, rivers, and other more-than-living beings.

    And to acknowledge that 

    Air, Fire, Earth, Water 

    and us are one, 

    are sacred 

    and alive 

    are part of wisdom traditions 

    around the world throughout time.

    I/We make work/the work flows through

     us/I/we work through/flows/fluid we are watercollectingwaterspreadingwaterpuddlingwaterinriverslargeandsmallwaterwave, we

    WATER 

    collaborating. 

    (((((((((((((()))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))((((((((((((((((((((())))))))))))

     I, Desiree, watch the work, I can’t remember what bit is mine..the soundlanguageblend, pouringintoone.  Another. One. Another. One. 

    One. 

    ((((((((((((())))))))))))))))))))))))((((((((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))))))))))

    we are the edges

    I, Desiree, look out the window and see the clouds. Then, feel them as water. I am nourished by them, and the sun that paints beautiful colors around them.

    (((((((((((((())))))))))))))))))))))(((((((((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))))))))))

    Polina and I, and the water collective work across borders, living on pieces of land separated by bodies of water, we communicate via internet, through the sky. I am standing in front of a window of a doll store on a busy Chicago Street, I move to a place where I can sit in the sun, it is late February and the weather is warm and soothing, I sit on some benches next to an iconic skyscraper, she is stately and calm and presents in whispers. The concrete benches are on a corner. The lake is two blocks away down the street, always on this street there is a breeze from the lake, today the breeze is small calm and soothing, swirling soft eddys of breeze of sky on my skin. The lake the sky my skin today. We talk about sediment and water thinking, water becoming. Later at the grocery store, I put one hand in front of the other, in front of the other, I think our collaboration are the waves, each work holding the next’s work, holding the nexts work, holding the next’s work, as our knowing arises and crashes onto the shore.  

    (((((((()))))))))))))))))))))((((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))))))))))))))))

    On the periphery. Humans on the periphery. Humans not commenting/not commenting/not commenting/not knowing/just coming closer. 

    ))))))))))))))))))((((((((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))))))))))))))))))((((((((

    Outside of the grocery store, I stop and put down the bags and look at the concrete. I see how the cracks in the sidewalk makes a pattern matching the kind of action that created them.

     I think, Polina thinks like water that starts small and spreads waxing and waning, through peaks and valleys, on inclines and declines, in different speeds. And my thinking is like the gentle waves of water that hit the concrete of the walking path along the lake shore. That water jumps onto the concrete, flowing upwards on the sidewalks incline, and returns to fill and jump out of the sides of the shoes that barely cover my feet, as another wave fills the shoes again, jumping up onto the concrete chasing its sister. The water is only a little cool on this warm day and sparkles in the sunshine. 

    ((((((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))))))))))))))))))(((((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))

    Bios:

    Polina Golovátina-Mora, PhD is Professor in Film and Media in Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Norway. The overall focus of her work is meanings and ethics of relationality with the world, mixed senses and the attentive care they produce. She positions her artistic work as reflective and dispersed visual practice. In her recent projects, Polina has been exploring understandings the ocean proposes and the ethics of such co-creations which includes the way we write, speak and present with and about water bodies.

    Desiree Yomtoob, PhD, aspires to be a water woman and is waiting for summer to come again so she can spend as much time as she can in, on and around the lake in Chicago. She is an independent scholar, arts based, and movement researcher. She is hoping that someone will do something, anything, to save this ailing world in which we live. She notices, applauds and encourages the miracles, large and small, that happen around her all the time. She studies love in all its guises. She teaches undergraduate media studies classes often and consults on methods projects from time to time. She is currently working on the use of creative methods in the field of design research.

    Jorge Barco is a Colombian sound artist and curator whose work is situated at the intersection between cosmogony, ecology and sound. Over the past few years, he has conducted extensive research encompassing instrument making, field recording and experimentation with low technologies, brought together today in his project Máquinas Mestizas. His creative approach draws from diverse disciplines such as media geology, sound studies and ancestral and shamanic knowledge.

  • Tossing their heads in sprightly dance

    by Franziska Maria Bergholtz

    resolve these behavioral cancers before
    they become more
    sexually suggestive
    using the method is simple
    a potent message throughout the body

    being “hit in the head” with a bad idea
    fear, dominance, confusion, or pain
    there are over a hundred emotes that let you
    express yourself and swallow

    women (mostly) can show off their hair
    pain could also be triggering this

    (especially of old people)
    a great deal of tension in the neck
    eye staring, and tossing

    you can also produce a like effect
    an opposition reflex or even a displaced behavior
    take a drink of water, lean forward,
    energetic and in good health
    a broadcast signal to anyone

    there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach
    but that might just be part of the problem

    there are over a dozen unique dances
    you can perform; toss the head back and shake it
    your airway opens and your throat can close off

    these dances can only be obtained
    by purchasing them for real money.

    Working notes on Franziska’s poem:

    When I decided on that stanza of Wordsworth’s poem, I was curious to find out how the head-tossing nowadays would differ from the peaceful, elegant dancing that’s depicted in the poem. I simply searched online for the stanza, and later on for parts of the stanza, because in its entirety it only drew up more articles on Wordsworth. It was very surprising to see that the algorithm didn’t relate those words to dancing at all. Rather, I got a whole lot of websites on the topic of horse riding, also some advice on reading female body language while on a date and an article about the best way to swallow pills. The only website referring to dancing at all gave advice on how to purchase dance moves in a video game – what a brilliant contrast do the sprightly daffodils. I really enjoyed how the algorithm focused so much more on the bodily aspects of that dancing and tossing – incidentally showing in how many ways our bodies are political. Be it in terms of sexism, capitalism or the treatment of animals – which closes the circle to ecopoetics, I suppose.

  • in sprightly dance

    by Lara Wenisch

    Working Notes on Lara’s poem:

    When I set out on the project to unframe Wordsworth, I was hesitant to say the least. To me, it felt challenging to an extent that I doubted I could create a piece that could relate blatantly unemotional material to the vision of the picturesque from Wordsworth’s poem. It wasn’t until I found myself sitting in the midst of a cut-up speaker manual and advertisement for a local tourist
    hotspot that I dared to break from a tradition in which I felt perfectly comfortable. But the break was inevitable. The words I chose, relating predominantly to the sense of sound and movement, began conforming to an idea of “sprightly dance”, infringed by technical requirements and still
    upholding the notion of being in one’s senses. Looking back on it now, my poem reflects much more the process of its creation than the relation to the original text. But in the end, I found something to say, even if the words weren’t my own.

  • You are a sky full of stars

    by Demet Uygun

    You are a sky full of stars,
    A floating voyage,
    Infinite beauty that never leaves scars,
    Cause you light up the path through the dark.
    Like the Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky,
    Continuous as the stars that shine,
    You light up the world from afar.

    Working Notes on Demet’s poem:

    I chose the line “continuous as the stars that shine” because it reminded me of Coldplay’s song “A
    Sky Full of Stars.” Then, I looked at the names of the stars, especially the brightest star, which is
    Sirius. I gathered the lines of the song, the poem, and a basic definition I found on Wikipedia about
    Sirius.

  • Beside the lake, beneath the trees 

    by Charmaine Küllenberg 

    The wind rises 

    Like a wave upon the sea 

    Where the weeds are growing free  

    There deep, deep in the forest night  

    Some are born to sweet delight  

    _

    There we wander, there we weep 

    As the crows fall asleep 

    Hear the forest talking, insects and birds  

    An idiot prayer of empty words 

    With no alarms and no surprises 

    _

    I looked up to the sky above 

    To you, who was dearly loved 

    Working notes on Charmaine’s poem:

    For the Wordsworth rewriting poem, I chose the line “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” because I
    had the idea of describing a new scene based on it. So when I was collecting lines, I picked the ones
    that I thought would fit the scene I had in mind. I had a lot of fun working on the poem, but it was
    also quite challenging. What made it difficult for me was that I found lines that rhymed at the end
    (the first pair I found was ‘night’, ‘delight’) and decided that I wanted the whole poem to rhyme. I
    found most lines from songs I’ve been listening to at the time and other things I’ve read. The line
    “Some are born to sweet delight” is taken from William Blake’s ‘Auguries of Innocence’ because I
    just like that poem and wanted to use a line for this. Personally, the poem invokes a feeling of
    solitude and melancholy, but also calmness. The first two stanzas build a sort of frame as I put the
    rhyming lines at the beginning of the first stanza and the end of the second one (‘rises’, ‘surprises’).
    I’m not quite sure why I wanted to frame it like that; it just felt right to me.

  • Application for state-funded jocund company support during higher educational training under the Federal Training Assistance Act

    by Noah Brelage

    1. Extract from Personal Details:

    “I wandered lonely as a cloud 

    In vacant or in pensive mood, 

    Which is the bliss of solitude”

    2.1 Declaration of the person receiving the daffodils:

    I am aware that 

    I am obliged under § 60 of 

    Fluttering and dancing in the breeze 

    to immediately report any changes 

    Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 

    without being asked to do so 

    and to submit the documents required for the final determination of dances with the daffodils. 

    2.1 Appendix: Required supporting documents & other evidence

    ● stars that shine 

    ● sparkling waves in glee 

    ● sprightly dance 

    ● heart with pleasure 

    more documents may be requested upon further processing of the application

    3. Overview of personal information

    A duly enrolled as a student at 

    the university of a host, of golden daffodils, 

    A poet

    Working Notes on Noah’s poem:  

    I tried to find a document that is as far away as possible from a romanticised presentation of  nature, so I decided to use an application form for state funded financial support during study. I  myself have already oftentimes had the pleasure of reading these documents written in byzantine  wording far removed from the real world. Ironically, I felt some similarities in the needlessly  strange choice of wording in both the application form and the Wordsworth poem. Additionally, I  can not imagine something more distant from any concept of nature than an overly-arbitrary,  human-made, bureaucratic financial system. Juxtaposing these two became a fun challenge. The italicised parts of text are the parts I took from the Wordsworth poem. I wanted to make a  clear distinction between the texts to present the stitching-together of the original texts. The rest of  the structure of the text is, obviously, based on the application form I had used.

  • Unframing Wordsworth’s Daffodils. A practical and theoretical poetry class

    Even outside of environmental literature circles, William Wordsworth’s poem ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’, also commonly known as ‘Daffodils’, is widely recognised as ‘one of England’s most famous and most quintessentially Romantic poems’ (British Library). In 2007, local tourism officials of the Lake District even released a pop video and hip hop version to celebrate its bicentennial legacy – and to advertise Wordsworth’s beloved home to a younger audience. In environmental discourse, Wordsworth’s status as an “ecopoet” whose sensitivity to emotions, elements, and place turns poems into “imaginary parks in which we may breathe an air that is not toxic and accommodate ourselves to a mode of dwelling that is not alienated” (Bate 64) has been particularly secured by Jonathan Bate. Other critics, however, are more skeptical of what they see as an erasure of material, economical, and political conditions in favour of an idealised pristine natural idyll (cf. Hess, McGann, Levinson). Though acknowledging the Romantics’ attentiveness to the non-human, later strands of ecocriticism and ecopoetics have further pushed against traditions of nature poetry that reduce nature to a pastoral scene we admire from afar. Moving beyond this, ecopoetics, as Evelyn Reilly writes, includes the “rejection of compensatory notions of nature as retreat and of our role as consumers of consoling description” and engages “the recuperation of cultural, industrial, and political erasures; the dismantling of dichotomies of self/other, nature/ culture, indigenous/alien and central/peripheral” (257). 

    The creative writing & artistic research seminar “Beyond Nature Poetry: Ecopoetics” that I currently teach at Düsseldorf University aims to foster critical engagements with so-called nature poetry precisely along these lines of investigation. Open to BA and MA students in the English department, it seeks to explore the capacities of ecopoetics to disclose, reflect on, and reimagine the power dynamics between humans, language, and what we refer to as “nature”. In this context, we discussed how the poetic I in Wordsworth’s “Daffodils” encounters the natural world and how we as readers encounter it in turn. The students were quick to point out that the first iconic line “I wandered lonely as a cloud” suggests a bird’s-eye perspective that places the speaker outside the landscape. The description of the “crowd” of daffodils that come into view “all at once”, like in a picture, adds to the picturesque spell of the poem that frames nature as a spectacle the disconnected spectator observes from distance. Driven by an exclusive focus on the visual – “saw I”; “I saw”; “I gazed and gazed” – this distance continues throughout all four stanzas. As students noted, the poem thus appears to be more about us seeing the poet seeing the daffodils rather than the daffodils themselves. Although the content of the poem seems to suggest an emotional connection with the daffodils as “company” for the lonely poet, the way it is presented, framed by the narrator and an omnipresent lyrical eye, simultaneously continues to separate the disembodied speaker’s mind from the natural, socio-political, and physical environment they are engaging – or, rather, failing to engage with. 

    Scott Hess, who reads Wordsworth’s poem in relation to the conventions of Romantic-period landscape aesthetics, suggests that it demonstrates the persistence of the picturesque as a mode of structuring perception and framing landscape. Focusing quite literally on “that peculiar kind of beauty, which is agreeable in a picture” (Gilpin xii), the emergence of the picturesque as an aesthetic ideal propelled a new way of looking at nature as if it were a landscape painting. From the 18th century onwards, the Lake District in particular became popular with new picturesque tourists who used the Claude glass, a portable convex tinted mirror, to impose a perceptual frame around the landscape whilst – not only metaphorically, but physically – turning their back to it. Enacting a similar framing technique through its point of view and emphasis on the visual, Wordsworth’s poem arguably implies separations between viewer and landscape, subject and object, mind and body – separations that are unhelpful when we are searching for reparative ways of ecological interconnectedness. Anthropomorphised only, it seems, to make the poetic I feel less lonely, the daffodils that are “tossing their heads in sprightly dance” are exclusively bent towards the human, suggesting a non-reciprocal and anthropocentric relationship between human and nature. The final stanza adds to this reading, as the daffodil scene is now completely interiorised and becomes an imaginative resource for the narrator’s pleasure and sense of individual self. In that sense, the poem’s activation of picturesque framing can thus be read as reinforcing a persistent perception of nature as a projection surface and separate stylised idyllic retreat for anthropocentric purposes.

    With this in mind, we set out to re- or unframe Wordsworth’s daffodil poem. Since my seminar embraces ecopoetics as a “creative-critical edge” (Skinner 1) that combines theoretical and practical modes of investigation, our critical discussion was paired with a creative writing task. Inspired by a combination of conceptual/procedural poetry techniques, Charles Bernstein’s language experiments and this playful Daffodil variation I found online, I asked the students to pick a line from the Wordsworth poem that spoke to them in some way. They were then supposed to find material (leaflets, newspaper articles, dictionary entries, other poems…) that somehow related to that line and to finally make a new poem composed of phrases from the new sources, juxtaposed with lines from the original if desired.

    The results are surprising and wonderful in many ways. Students’ materials included songs, references to Blake, bureaucratic forms, research on dance, manuals, and advertisements that begin to move Wordsworth’s poem into the chaos of our contemporary present. Unraveling a detached bird’s-eye view on nature, the new poems became expressions of embedded narrators whose reading experience, context, and environment shape and in-form their writing. In that sense, many of the new poems no longer describe but start to embody a more connected, interdependent sense of being in the world and having to deal with its material, physical, and economic conditions: Wordsworth meets the struggles of applying for student funding; “dancing daffodils” are complicated by the bodily strains of professional athletes and commercialised resource extraction. Often questioning nature as an idyllic retreat separated from the human realm, the poems disclose various contact points between humans and their multifaceted environments. Juxtaposing different registers and sources, they open themselves up to new relations between textual and extratextual ecologies and reflect on the various uses of language as it connects us to “the fragile and finite territory our species named, claimed, exploited, sentimentalized, and aggrandized as ‘our world.’” (Retallack para 30) We do not need to wander out into nature, we are in the midst of it, part of it, and it is not always pretty but includes “fear, dominance, confusion, or pain”. Amidst this confusion, we can find poetry and “experience art” that is not separated from but fully embedded in everyday life and thereby directly interacting with its social, political, and historical layers.

    The writing and reading procedures/process of these poems invite closer attention to these layers and how they are curated by language, searching for an ecopoetics of disruption, imagination, and critical consciousness that can make us aware and perhaps push the limits of our view. Resembling branches that grow out of Wordsworth’s original poem, as one the student described it, all of the new, unframed poems emphasize process and offer new perspectives on and beyond Wordsworth’s “Daffodils”. My intention with this task has not been to disparage his poem, but rather to show it is not the end of the story and encourage us to investigate, shift, and lift the frames that structure our perception. One voice, one poem, one frame is simply not enough to register the fullness, multiplicity, and complexity of this ancient earth we humans inhabit only briefly.

    References

    Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. Picador, 2001.

    British Library. “William Wordsworth’s ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’. https://www.britishlibrary.cn/ en/works/i-wandered-lonely-as-a-cloud/ 

    Gilpin, William. An Essay on Prints. A. Strahan, 1802. 

    Hess, Scott. “John Clare, William Wordsworth, and the (Un)framing of Nature”. John Clare Society  Journal, Iss. 27, 2008. pp. 27-44. 

    Levinson, Marjorie. Wordsworth’s Great Period Poems. Cambridge University Press, 1986. 

    McGann, Jerome. The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation. University of Chicago Press, 1983. 

    Reilly, Evelyn. “Eco-Noise and the Flux of Lux”. Eco Language Reader, edited by Brenda, Iijima, Portable P at Yo-Yo Labs/Nightboat, 2010, pp. 255–74. 

    Retallack, Joan. ‘What Is Experimental Poetry and Why Do We Need It’. Jacket Magazine, 2007,  jacketmagazine.com/32/p-retallack.shtml. 

    Skinner, Jonathan. ecopoetics 01. Periplum, 2001.  

    Soth, Amelia. ‘The Claude Glass Revolutionized the Way People Saw Landscapes.’ JSTOR Daily, 2021.

    Wordsworth, William. “I wandered lonely as a cloud.” PoetryFoundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45521/i-wandered-lonely-as-a-cloud.